When a person uses a certain word, which is closely related to what he/she is trying to imply, it is called metonymy. Let us consider a classic example of the use of this figure of speech. When someone says, "Mr. X is addicted to the bottle," what he/she is trying to say is that Mr. X is probably a dipsomaniac, but then substitutes the word 'bottle' for 'alcohol'. The word 'bottle' is a metonymy for the word 'alcohol'. Thus, you see how metonymies are really like secrets of the English language, because if you didn't know that 'bottle' implied alcohol, you wouldn't know why the word bottle was used in the first place. By definition, a metonymy is a figure of speech where one word or phrase is used in place of another. The word or phrase used is closely or not so closely associated to the replaced word or phrase. Explore the metonymy examples to find out how metonymies are used in poetry and regular language.
Examples Of Metonymy
Metonymy In Poetry
Example 1
We passed the School, where Children strove
At Recess, in the Ring
We passed the fields of Gazing Grain
We passed the Setting Sun
Or rather, He passed Us
The Dews drew quivering and chill
For only Gossamer, my Gown
My Tippet, only Tulle
We paused before a House that seemed
A Swelling of the Ground
The Roof was scarcely visible
The Cornice in the Ground
Since then 'tis Centuries, and yet
Feels shorter than the Day
I first surmised the Horses' Heads
Were toward Eternity
- Because I Could Not Stop For Death - Emily Dickinson
Example 2
The buzz saw snarled and rattled in the yard
And made dust and dropped stove-length sticks of wood,
Sweet-scented stuff when the breeze drew across it.
And from there those that lifted eyes could count
Five mountain ranges one behind the other
Under the sunset far into Vermont.
And the saw snarled and rattled, snarled and rattled,
As it ran light, or had to bear a load.
And nothing happened: day was all but done.
Call it a day, I wish they might have said
To please the boy by giving him the half hour
That a boy counts so much when saved from work.
His sister stood beside them in her apron
To tell them "Supper." At the word, the saw,
As if to prove saws knew what supper meant,
Leaped out at the boy's hand, or seemed to leap-
He must have given the hand. However it was,
Neither refused the meeting. But the hand!
The boy's first outcry was a rueful laugh,
As he swung toward them holding up the hand
Half in appeal, but half as if to keep
The life from spilling. then the boy saw all-
Since he was old enough to know, big boy
Doing a man's work, though a child at heart-
He saw all spoiled. "Don't let him cut my hand off-
The doctor, when he comes. Don't let him, sister!"
So, But the hand was gone already.
The doctor put him in the dark of ether.
He lay and puffed his lips out with his breath.
And then-the watcher at his pulse took fright.
No one believed. They listened at his heart.
Little-less-nothing!-and that ended it.
No more to build on there. And they, since they
Were not the one dead, turned to their affairs.
- Out, Out - Robert Frost
At first glance, it may be difficult to find out the use of metonymies in the above two examples. However, when you take a deeper look at the poem and are better acquainted with a metonymy as a figure of speech, the whole process should be a breeze. Look at the first line in the first poem: "We passed the School, where Children strove". The word 'school' represents a building, but then school also stands to represent the children studying in that particular school. Using the same logic, it wouldn't be too difficult for you to figure out how well metonymies are used by both Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost in their respective poems.
Examples In Regular Language